A niece inherited vacant land, sells it with a warranty deed, and later the buyer discovers the land has no access to any public right-of-way. Who will prevail in a damages claim?

• A. The colleague, because lack of access is a breach of the covenant against encumbrances.
• B. The colleague, because lack of access makes the title unmarketable.
• C. The niece, because no title covenants were breached.
• D. The colleague, because the lack of access constitutes a hidden title defect.

Answer: (C)