With a self-executing treaty, a private citizen sues to enforce a monetary judgment awarded by a foreign court. The district court should dismiss for lack of jurisdiction or not?

• A. No, because the case falls within the federal question jurisdiction arising under a treaty of the United States (Article III).
• B. No, because there is no federal question and the treaty provides no jurisdiction.
• C. Yes, because treaties cannot create jurisdiction in federal courts.
• D. Yes, because the dispute is purely state law.

Answer: (A)